Investigation Manual
Part 26
26. Jurisdiction and decision making
26. Jurisdiction and decision making
Assessment will normally already have determined whether there is jurisdiction to investigate the complaint and will have made an initial assessment of fault and injustice.
Investigators may come to their own fresh decision on jurisdiction in the light of new or clarified information. The latest Guidance on Jurisdiction will help with those decisions. The Assessment Code is a useful guide to fault and injustice. Please also see the Casework Guidance Statements and Remedies Guidance.
We use the plain English term ‘fault’ to describe our formal findings of maladministration and/or service failure. Fault is not a lesser failing than maladministration, simply a more accessible way of describing it for the public. Service failure and maladministration are distinct legal concepts in our legislation, but they are closely related and overlapping. The courts have made clear that we do not need to investigate them separately, and provided we present our findings clearly, we should not need to go into detailed explanations of the differences.
Our decisions are made on the balance of probability (‘more likely than not’). Neither party has to prove what happened using the criminal standard of ‘beyond reasonable doubt’. Nor do we have to be ‘certain’ to reach a conclusion. We should not apply tests of wholly or utterly or Wednesbury unreasonableness and should not describe our final conclusion on the BinJ’s actions in terms of reasonableness, but in terms of fault (or otherwise). The Guidance on Jurisdiction contains explains more about making balance of probabilities decisions.
Maladministration may also be a breach of the complainant’s human rights. It is for the courts to determine whether human rights have been breached, but the Ombudsman may conclude they have been engaged. There is general guidance explaining our approach to human rights in casework available on the intranet.
Detailed guidance on applying our powers under section 26D of the Local Government Act is set out in this casework guidance policy note.